Kshana Studio
Kshana Studio runs Kshana, the open-source PNT (positioning, navigation and timing) resilience simulator, in your browser: the engine runs locally as WebAssembly, so nothing is installed and nothing is uploaded. Pick a GNSS (global navigation satellite system) jamming, spoofing, clock holdover, integrity or lunar navigation scenario, tune it, replay it, compare runs, sweep a parameter and download a reproducible report. It needs JavaScript.
Scenarios it runs (138)
- aperture-duty-cycle: Aperture duty-cycle demonstrator (ground segment & operations).
- araim-gps-galileo: Dual-constellation ARAIM availability: GPS + Galileo evaluated with the advanced
- araim-reference-check: The engine's ARAIM protection levels against the WG-C subgroup's OWN worked examples.
- attitude-budget: 3-DOF attitude & pointing error budget demonstrator (pre-hardware AOCS/GNC).
- automotive-urban-canyon: Road vehicle through an urban canyon: GNSS/INS dead-reckoning across an underpass and
- campaign-jam-spoof-holdover-integrity: A chained mission: nominal, jamming, spoofing, GNSS loss with clock holdover and
- campaign-monte-carlo-clock-holdover: A seeded Monte Carlo ensemble through a campaign, on a case with a closed form.
- campaign-shared-jammer-sea-road: Cross-domain composition: one jammer, two platforms. A ship in the Gulf of Finland
- campaign-spectrum-holdover-integrity: A chained mission driven by the L-band spectrum: a chirp jammer takes GPS L1 C/A and
- campaign-sweep-jammer-power: A parameter sweep through a campaign: the jamming example's receiver (52 N, 4 E,
- celeste-iod-classical-pilot-signals: Celeste IOD signal designs: the frequency bands and the "Classical Pilot" signal
- celeste-iod-end-to-end: Celeste IOD end to end (optional preset): the E5 configuration #1 signal -> a Celeste IOD
- celeste-iod-fused-pvt: GNSS positioning joined by the two ESA Celeste in-orbit demonstration satellites.
- cislunar-arc-recovery: Independent-estimator test of the cislunar arc-length observability threshold (R6, paper B).
- cislunar-observability: Planar cislunar constellation observability over a tracking arc (P6).
- clock-ensemble: Monte Carlo ensemble of the clock-holdover scenario.
- clock-holdover: Kshana reference scenario: 2 h run, 10 min GNSS sync then ~1.8 h denied.
- clock-holdover-labsr: Variant: laboratory-grade strontium optical clock vs CSAC.
- combined-altpnt: Combined gravity + magnetic + terrain GPS-denied navigator — fused alt-PNT.
- conflict-resilience: Layered-PNT conflict resilience (paper P7).
- constellation-multi-gnss-coverage: Multi-constellation coverage: the four global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) together,
- earth-gnss-lunar: Earth-GNSS reception at lunar distance.
- eo-coverage: Earth-observation payload footprint & coverage demonstrator (SMAD space triangle).
- ephemeris: Ephemeris & ground track — "where is the satellite right now".
- europa-surface-pnt: Positioning a lander on Europa: the Jovian-moon case.
- fusion-pnt: Joint sensor-fusion PNT: a single Kalman filter is the navigator, fusing the
- gnss-ins: Loosely-coupled GNSS/INS: the three-axis strapdown navigator disciplined by a
- gnss-sim-raim: Measurement-domain GNSS simulation: pseudoranges with ionospheric and
- gps-denied-gravity-nav: 60-minute GPS-denied gravity-map-matching benchmark (quantum alt-PNT).
- gravity-map-nav: Quantum gravity-map-matching navigation scenario (GPS-denied alt-PNT).
- hybrid-optical-rf: Heterogeneous optical + RF PNT joint availability / precision / integrity (P5).
- hybrid-pnt: Hybrid PNT capstone: all-quantum suite (optical clock + cold-atom IMU + optical ISL
- hybrid-ukf: 17-state hybrid quantum + classical tightly-coupled GNSS/INS UKF (MODELLED).
- impairment-eval: Machine-learning RF-impairment detection evaluation testbed (ESA AO/1-13494 demonstrator).
- imu-deadreckoning: Dead-reckoning during GNSS outage: cold-atom quantum accelerometer vs navigation-grade.
- ins-trn-coast: INS/TRN coasting error model — position error against coast duration, and the coast
- integrity-raim: GNSS integrity (RAIM) availability over a GPS-like constellation.
- jamming-demo: RF jamming: a ground-based broadband jammer denying GNSS to a nearby receiver.
- l-band-waterfall-jamming: L-band waterfall under jamming: the whole Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
- launch-window: Launch-window & ascent geometry demonstrator (mission analysis, trade-study tier).
- leo-band-trade: LEO-PNT band trade, UHF to wide C band: what a low Earth orbit (LEO) positioning,
- leo-doppler-positioning: Positioning from LEO Doppler alone, over a generic LEO navigation constellation.
- leo-focus-data-services: LEO-PNT focus area: additional PNT data services in the navigation message.
- leo-focus-fused-pnt-sisre: LEO-PNT focus area: MEO + LEO fused PNT.
- leo-focus-indoor-uhf: LEO-PNT focus area: indoor navigation with UHF.
- leo-focus-iot-eirp: LEO-PNT focus area: low-energy positioning for the Internet of Things (IoT) and mobile.
- leo-focus-ntn-bandwidth: LEO-PNT focus area: 5G/6G non-terrestrial network (NTN) compatibility.
- leo-focus-ppp-altitude: LEO-PNT focus area: high-accuracy positioning (precise point positioning, PPP).
- leo-focus-science-iono-sounding: LEO-PNT focus area: LEO-PNT science, ionosphere sounding from the dual-band delay.
- leo-indoor-uhf: Indoor LEO-PNT: why a UHF carrier reaches inside a building when L, S and C bands struggle.
- leo-iot-energy: Low-energy LEO-PNT for an IoT (Internet of Things) tracker: energy per fix against duty cycle.
- leo-navmsg-celeste-iod: ESA Celeste in-orbit demonstration (IOD) preset: the one scenario that uses material
- leo-navmsg-encode-decode: LEO navigation message: Kshana's binary encoding, its quantisation budget, and the
- leo-navmsg-fit-interval-trade: LEO navigation message: signal-in-space range error (SISRE) versus fit interval.
- leo-navmsg-midpass-update: LEO navigation message: a message update in the middle of a pass, and whether the user
- leo-navmsg-model-comparison: LEO navigation message: four ephemeris models on one orbit, and the Liu et al. 2025
- leo-pass-celeste-iod-multiband: ESA Celeste IOD, signal configuration #1, all bands over one pass. WORKSHOP PRESET.
- leo-pass-iridium: Iridium STL (satellite time and location) bursts seen from an aircraft.
- leo-pass-vs-gnss-cn0: A LEO-PNT pass against the Galileo satellites in view: C/N0 over one pass.
- leo-pass-xona-pulsar: Xona Pulsar X1 and X5 over one pass, with the Pulsar constellation's highest passes.
- leo-pnt-end-to-end: LEO-PNT end to end on a generic constellation: signal design -> pass link budget ->
- leo-pnt-mega-shell: A low-Earth-orbit positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) mega-constellation: 5 000
- leo-ppp-convergence: Precise point positioning (PPP) convergence with LEO augmentation.
- leo-resilience-gnss-jammed-leo-carries: LEO-PNT resilience mission: GNSS jammed, LEO-PNT carries the user, integrity maintained.
- leo-resilience-js-margin: LEO-PNT resilience from received power: the jammer-to-signal (J/S) margin.
- leo-resilience-multiband-diversity: LEO-PNT resilience by band diversity: one jammer, a four-band receiver.
- leo-resilience-spoof-doppler: LEO-PNT resilience against spoofing: Doppler and pass-geometry consistency.
- leo-resilience-spoof-monitors: LEO-PNT resilience against spoofing: which monitor sees which spoofer.
- leo-timing-utc: Time transfer to UTC from LEO satellites, against C/N0 and the receiver oscillator.
- leo-vertical-5g-network-timing: LEO-PNT vertical: wireless networks, 5G/6G base-station timing.
- leo-vertical-asset-tracking-iot: LEO-PNT vertical: asset tracking and the Internet of Things (IoT), energy per fix.
- leo-vertical-autonomous-vehicle: LEO-PNT vertical: autonomous vehicles, an urban canyon with a LEO layer.
- leo-vertical-critical-infrastructure-timing: LEO-PNT vertical: critical infrastructure timing, holdover with LEO time.
- leo-vertical-polar-arctic: LEO-PNT vertical: polar and Arctic users.
- leo-vertical-rail-maritime: LEO-PNT vertical: railway and maritime, the bundled maritime and rail scenarios plus LEO.
- link-budget: One-way link budget demonstrator (comms & link budgets, trade-study tier).
- lunanet-araim: Lunar south-pole integrity: an Artemis-region landed receiver against a
- lunar-attack-surface: Lunar surface-navigation signal-security attack surface (paper P1).
- lunar-beacon: Surface-beacon augmentation of a lunar orbital navigation service.
- lunar-differential-pnt: Lunar DIFFERENTIAL PNT — a lunar DGNSS / SBAS analogue.
- lunar-frame-campaign: Seven-parameter Helmert lunar frame datum driven by a SIMULATED OBSERVING CAMPAIGN (G9).
- lunar-frame-realisation: Lunar reference-frame realisation — a 7-parameter Helmert (similarity) datum fit.
- lunar-interop-export: Lunar interoperability export — LunaNet / IOAG-aligned, CCSDS-based interchange.
- lunar-jamming: Lunar-native RF jamming: per-satellite J/S for a lunar surface user.
- lunar-joint-od-clock: Lunar joint multi-technique OD + clock determination (a SIMULATED network).
- lunar-llr-datum: Seven-parameter Helmert lunar frame datum from a REAL, ARCHIVED observing campaign (V3).
- lunar-relay-constellation: A lunar relay and navigation constellation: satellites in elliptical lunar frozen orbits
- lunar-time-budget: Coordinated Lunar Time (LTC) end-to-end time-error budget over a tau grid.
- lunar-time-offset: Lunar coordinate time (LTC/TCL): the relativistic Earth-Moon clock rate.
- lunar-vlbi: Lunar geodetic VLBI: an Earth baseline observing a lunar-surface beacon.
- lunar-vlbi-fim: Lunar-VLBI station-coordinate covariance from an explicit observing schedule (G8, paper D3).
- maritime-port-approach-coast: Maritime port approach with GNSS jammed: how long an inertial navigation system
- maritime-spoof-position-push: Maritime GNSS spoofing: detecting a transmitter that drags a ship's reported position.
- maritime-strait-jamming: Maritime GNSS jamming: a shore- or vessel-borne broadband jammer denying the Global
- mars-orbit-pnt: Positioning a low Mars orbiter with a Mars navigation constellation and a deep-space link.
- mars-pnt-lmo: Mars PNT — Low-Mars-Orbit user navigated against the simulated MARCONI relay
- mars-pnt-surface: Mars PNT — a fixed surface user (a lander / rover on the rotating Mars surface)
- mars-pnt-transfer: Mars PNT — a Mars transfer / capture user (a high, eccentric areocentric arc — the
- meo-leo-fused-pvt: Fused MEO and LEO pseudorange positioning: GPS and Galileo with a LEO navigation layer.
- moonlight-service-volume: Lunar navigation SERVICE-VOLUME analysis — Moonlight / LCNS-class constellation.
- multi-band-jamming-waterfall: Multi-band jamming waterfall: low Earth orbit (LEO) positioning, navigation and timing
- ntn-5g-positioning: Positioning from a 5G non-terrestrial network (NTN) downlink in the mobile-satellite S band.
- oem-interop: CCSDS OEM interoperability-bridge demonstrator (GMAT / Orekit / STK interop).
- orbit-gnss-challenged: GNSS availability derived from orbital geometry (not hand-authored windows).
- orbit-molniya: GNSS availability for a highly-eccentric (Molniya) user, from orbital geometry.
- orbit-multignss: Multi-GNSS availability from orbital geometry: GPS + Galileo combined.
- orbit-real-tle: GNSS availability from REAL satellite geometry, via two-line element sets.
- orbit-rinex: GNSS availability from a real RINEX 3 broadcast ephemeris.
- orbit-sgp4-gps: GNSS availability from the REAL GPS constellation propagated with SGP4/SDP4.
- passes: Ground-station pass prediction demonstrator (ground segment & operations).
- polar-arctic-leo-coverage: Satellites in view and dilution of precision from the equator to the pole: MEO GNSS alone,
- pvt-abmf: Real-observation single-point positioning (SPP) from a surveyed IGS station.
- quantum-anomaly-detect: Fault/anomaly detection for quantum PNT systems — labelled fault catalog +
- quantum-gnss-free-nav: GNSS-free quantum navigation — quantum (cold-atom interferometer) vs classical
- quantum-time-transfer: Trusted quantum timing — end-to-end time-transfer chain, secure dissemination,
- quantum-trade: Quantum-vs-classical PNT trade with measured-ADEV ingestion (ESA AO/1-13503 demonstrator).
- rail-tunnel-coast: Rail tunnel coast: how long a train's inertial navigation system (INS) keeps it
- realtime-frame-eop: Real-time lunar frame / Earth-orientation (EOP) prediction budget.
- reentry: Ballistic re-entry corridor demonstrator (Allen-Eggers, mission analysis).
- slot-timing-ocxo-leo: Slot timing: how long an oven-controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO) on a low-Earth-orbit
- small-uas-jammed-nav: Small uncrewed aircraft under GNSS jamming: how far a flight-controller-class
- solar-system-tour: The whole solar system at one epoch.
- space-packet: CCSDS 133.0-B Space Packet framing demonstrator (TM/TC interop).
- space-weather: Space-weather environment model demonstrator.
- spoof-attack: Active time-spoofing attack: can each clock's integrity monitor catch the spoof
- spoof-detect: Combined RF/measurement spoof detector: multi-SV RAIM-consistency + AGC + SQM, fused.
- spoof-meaconing: Time-spoof detection with an explicit attack shape and a stochastic detector.
- starlink-sop-doppler-positioning: Doppler-only positioning from a broadband constellation used as a signal of opportunity.
- sweep-clock-stability: Trade study: how does holdover scale with clock stability?
- sweep-nd-inertial: Generic N-D parameter sweep over ANY scenario kind. Unlike the clock-only
- telecom-prtc-holdover-24h: Telecom timing reference: a rubidium clock that loses its Global Navigation Satellite
- telecom-tie-ingest: Telecom timing, ingestion example: a time interval error (TIE) series given inline and
- terrain-nav: Terrain-referenced navigation (TERCOM/SITAN) — GPS-denied alt-PNT.
- terrain-slam: Sequential (recursive) terrain-referenced navigation — GPS-denied alt-PNT.
- timetransfer: Optical inter-satellite time transfer vs classical RF (TWSTFT).
- tracking-loop: Tracking-loop loss of lock: C/N0 -> lock/unlock with hysteresis, the time it takes to
- xona-pulsar-end-to-end: Xona Pulsar end to end: the public X5 signal -> a Pulsar pass -> a LEO navigation message
- xona-pulsar-signals: Xona Pulsar signals: the X1 (L1 band) and X5 (L5 band) signals of a commercial low
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