# Kshana > Open-source GNSS jamming and spoofing simulator for PNT (positioning, navigation and timing) resilience: holdover, RAIM, lunar navigation, in your browser. Version 0.40.0, AGPL-3.0-only licence, by Ashforde® OÜ. 176 of 401 capabilities are validated against external oracles; the rest are labelled Modelled or partner-owned. Kshana is a deterministic Rust engine for PNT (positioning, navigation and timing) resilience studies: GNSS (global navigation satellite system) jamming and spoofing, clock holdover, RAIM (receiver autonomous integrity monitoring) and protection levels, orbits, low-Earth-orbit navigation, and navigation at the Moon and Mars. Every scenario is a TOML file; every run is reproducible from its scenario, seed and engine version. It drives no radio hardware and transmits nothing: its signal-level output is baseband IQ sample files for software receivers, its software GNSS receiver is an analysis tool, and it is not a flight product. ## Site - [Kshana: open-source GNSS jamming and spoofing simulator](https://kshana.dev/): Open-source GNSS jamming and spoofing simulator for PNT (positioning, navigation and timing) resilience: holdover, RAIM, lunar navigation, in your browser. - [Missions: GNSS and PNT resilience by sector](https://kshana.dev/missions): GNSS jamming, spoofing and clock holdover scenarios for ten sectors, from defence, aviation and maritime to telecom timing and lunar navigation. - [Capabilities: GNSS, clocks, orbits, Moon and Mars](https://kshana.dev/capabilities): GNSS signal bands and jamming, clock holdover, timing masks, integrity monitoring (RAIM), orbits and lunar navigation: every scenario kind on one map. - [Evidence: validation against external oracles](https://kshana.dev/evidence): Which Kshana capabilities are validated against independent oracles and which are modelled: verification matrix, validation ledger, papers and citation. - [Install Kshana: CLI, Rust, Python, npm and MCP server](https://kshana.dev/developers): Install Kshana as a command-line tool, Rust crate, Python or npm package, Model Context Protocol (MCP) server, container or JetBrains plugin. - [Benchmark: GNSS interference detection](https://kshana.dev/benchmark): kshana-bench: fixed tasks, splits and metrics for GNSS interference detection and timing holdover, pre-registered baselines and a board of result files. - [Editions: open source and Kshana Pro](https://kshana.dev/editions): Kshana is free and open source under the AGPL-3.0 licence. Kshana Pro adds a design optimiser, uncertainty and sensitivity studies and a mission dossier. - [Kshana Studio](https://kshana.dev/studio/): Run GNSS jamming, spoofing, holdover and integrity scenarios in your browser. The open-source engine runs locally as WebAssembly; nothing is uploaded. ## Install - Command line (Rust): `cargo install kshana` (https://crates.io/crates/kshana) - Rust library: `cargo add kshana` (https://crates.io/crates/kshana) - Python: `pip install kshana` (https://pypi.org/project/kshana/) - JavaScript and WebAssembly: `npm install kshana` (https://www.npmjs.com/package/kshana) - AI assistant (MCP server, cargo): `cargo install kshana-mcp` (https://crates.io/crates/kshana-mcp) - Docker image: `docker run --rm -i ghcr.io/ashfordeou/kshana-mcp` (https://github.com/ashfordeOU/kshana/pkgs/container/kshana-mcp) - Cursor (one click): `npx -y kshana-mcp@0.40.0` - VS Code (one click): `npx -y kshana-mcp@0.40.0` - npx: `npx -y kshana-mcp@0.40.0` (https://www.npmjs.com/package/kshana-mcp) - uvx / pipx: `uvx kshana-mcp==0.40.0` (https://pypi.org/project/kshana-mcp/) - Homebrew: `brew install ashfordeOU/tap/kshana-mcp` (https://github.com/ashfordeOU/homebrew-tap) - Scoop: `scoop bucket add ashforde https://github.com/ashfordeOU/scoop-bucket && scoop install kshana-mcp` (https://github.com/ashfordeOU/scoop-bucket) - winget: `winget install AshfordeOU.KshanaMcp` (https://github.com/microsoft/winget-pkgs) - Remote (streamable HTTP), self-hosted: `kshana-mcp --http 127.0.0.1:8080` - Signal K plugin: `npm install signalk-kshana-trust` (https://www.npmjs.com/package/signalk-kshana-trust) - Reference-build image: `docker pull ghcr.io/ashfordeou/kshana-reference-build` (https://github.com/ashfordeOU/kshana/pkgs/container/kshana-reference-build) - Source code: https://github.com/ashfordeOU/kshana - Cite the software: DOI [10.5281/zenodo.20528627](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20528627) ## Research - [Cislunar navigation is an observability problem: arc-length thresholds, Gramian conditioning, and the Doppler lever](https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.23871): arXiv 2610.23871. In cislunar space dilution of precision does not apply: range-only links leave the velocity unobservable at any instant, so requirements belong in arc-length, conditioning and measurement-type budgets. - [The Cost of Lunar South-Polar Geometry, and Surface Beacons as the Efficient Fix: A Dilution-of-Precision Analysis](https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.06212): arXiv 2607.06212. Planned orbits bunch overhead for a lunar south-pole user; a few ranging beacons on nearby high ground fix the geometry more cheaply than more satellites. - [Earth-baseline VLBI restores the observability of a lunar surface station in joint orbit-and-clock determination](https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.02566): arXiv 2607.02566. Lunar-network ranging fixes only relative geometry; an Earth-baseline very-long-baseline interferometry delay ties a surface station to the Earth frame, even with few satellites. - [A Conditional Timing Protection Level: Holdover-Limited Undetected Time Error Under GNSS Spoofing](https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.24210): arXiv 2606.24210. A recorded spoof shows a timing receiver serving time far more wrong than it reports; no unconditional bound exists, so the paper bounds the undetected error conditionally. - [How Stable Is a PNT Resilience Score? Decision-Instability of Single-Number Resilience Ratings under Framework-Aligned Weighting](https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.05415): arXiv 2607.05415. Single-number resilience ratings for positioning, navigation and timing are stable only where one design dominates; weighting, threat and declared techniques can flip them. - [Anticipating the Optimism Gap: Predicting Distribution-Shift Degradation of RF-Impairment Detectors from In-Distribution Statistics](https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.22054): arXiv 2606.22054. How much an interference detector loses under shifted conditions can be predicted from its own in-distribution scores; synthetic results, checked on open field recordings. ## Docs: Get started - [Overview](https://kshana.dev/docs/overview): Every run is reproducible bit for bit from the scenario, the seed and the engine version. - [Concepts — a plain-language primer](https://kshana.dev/docs/concepts): This page explains what Kshana does and why, starting from zero and building up to the physics. - [Glossary](https://kshana.dev/docs/glossary): Plain-language definitions of the terms used in Kshana. Each entry starts with a one-line "in plain terms" and then adds the precise meaning where it… - [Localisation of the engine](https://kshana.dev/docs/i18n): The engine's human-facing text is in 17 languages beside English: nl, pl, pt-BR, pt-PT, fi, sv, da, nb, cs, uk, ru, de, fr, es, et, ja, zh-Hans. - [The kshana.dev site](https://kshana.dev/docs/studio): web/ is the tree that GitHub Pages serves as https://kshana.dev: the pages (index.html, missions.html, capabilities.html, evidence.html, developers.html… - [Tutorials](https://kshana.dev/docs/tutorials): Hands-on, worked examples that take you from “run a shipped scenario” to “quantify and defend a result.” Every number quoted in the three tutorials is a… - [Tutorial 1](https://kshana.dev/docs/tutorial-first-orbit): Kind: orbit · Scenario: scenarios/orbit-sgp4-gps.toml (teaching copy: scenarios/orbit.toml) · Difficulty: beginner · ~15 min - [Tutorial 2 — Clock holdover: how long can you coast](https://kshana.dev/docs/tutorial-clock-holdover): Kind: clock · Scenario: scenarios/clock-holdover.toml (teaching copy: scenarios/clock.toml) · Difficulty: beginner · ~20 min - [Tutorial 3](https://kshana.dev/docs/tutorial-quantum-vs-classical): Kinds: spoof + hybrid · Scenarios: scenarios/spoof-attack.toml, scenarios/hybrid-pnt.toml (teaching copies: scenarios/security.toml… - [Worked example](https://kshana.dev/docs/example-multi-tool): This walks one trajectory through the standards-based interop and mission-analysis scenario kinds end to end, showing how Kshana sits between the… ## Docs: Scenarios - [Scenario kinds](https://kshana.dev/docs/scenarios): The 92 built-in scenario kinds that kshana::api::run_toml dispatches over, each with its one-line description and its required / optional TOML (Tom's… - [Scenario kinds, by family](https://kshana.dev/docs/kinds): Every scenario kind the engine v0.40.0 dispatches (92), filed under 13 families. Each family has a page with one entry per kind (the engine's description… - [Every command](https://kshana.dev/docs/commands): kshana runs a scenario; every other command is a subcommand. kshana --help prints the usage of all of them, and each subcommand's own… - [Every surface](https://kshana.dev/docs/all-surfaces): One engine, the same results everywhere. docs/SURFACES.md lists, for every command and kind, which surface carries it and which do not (with the reason). - [Capability domains](https://kshana.dev/docs/capability-domains): Every capability of the public map, by domain, with its ledger label. The table is written by tools/gen_readme_blocks.py from web/capabilities.json, the… - [Scenario reference](https://kshana.dev/docs/scenario-reference): Every bundled scenario file (193), grouped by kind. The description is the file's own header comment; the key parameters are its top-level settings. - [Result schema — reading a Kshana *.result.json](https://kshana.dev/docs/schema): Every run writes a versioned, self-describing JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) artifact next to the scenario. - [Using real constellation TLEs](https://kshana.dev/docs/real-tle-guide): The bundled scenarios/orbit-sgp4-gps.toml already carries real TLEs (two-line element sets): the Celestrak gps-ops snapshot of the operational GPS… - [Campaigns](https://kshana.dev/docs/campaigns): A single scenario answers one question about one situation. A mission is a sequence of situations, and a design study is a family of them. ## Docs: Outputs and exports - [Run reports](https://kshana.dev/docs/reports): Every run of the command-line interface (CLI) writes a report beside its result: a printable HyperText Markup Language (HTML) page… - [Animation export](https://kshana.dev/docs/animation): --animate turns a run's time series into something that moves: an animated Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) file, a single self-contained HyperText Markup… - [Interoperability exports and imports](https://kshana.dev/docs/interop): A run writes a result document, a chart and a report. --export also writes the scenario's geometry, or its synthesised signal, in the formats other tools… ## Docs: Validation and evidence - [Validation status](https://kshana.dev/docs/validation): On tolerances. "Validated" below means a calibration test asserts the simulated statistic matches the reference relation within an enforced gate… - [Verification matrix](https://kshana.dev/docs/verification-matrix): The complete, machine-checked evidence ledger: 401 rows — 176 VALIDATED, 221 MODELLED, 4 PARTNER. - [Capability reference](https://kshana.dev/docs/capability-reference): The 61 capability cards from web/capabilities.json, then all 401 rows of the verification matrix. - [Modelled capabilities — rationale](https://kshana.dev/docs/modelled-rationale): These capabilities are implemented from published or first-principles physics with tests, but are honestly labelled MODELLED — not checked against an… - [Claims vs. reality — overclaim ledger](https://kshana.dev/docs/claims-vs-reality): An independent audit of an earlier Kshana version catalogued fourteen overclaims (OC-0 … OC-13): places where a public-facing surface (README… - [Provenance](https://kshana.dev/docs/provenance): Kshana's central honesty discipline is that every sensor parameter, physical model, and validation dataset is traceable to a published source — a… - [Reproducibility and provenance](https://kshana.dev/docs/reproducibility): Kshana is built to be reproducible: the same inputs produce the same results, and the build artifacts can be traced back to the source that produced them. - [Capability map](https://kshana.dev/docs/capability-map): Kshana is a PNT (positioning, navigation and timing) performance-and-resilience evidence engine, not a full space-systems toolkit. - [Standards and interoperability](https://kshana.dev/docs/standards): Kshana speaks the standard interchange formats of the GNSS (global navigation satellite system), flight-dynamics, and timing communities so it can sit… - [Line coverage — the measurement of record](https://kshana.dev/docs/line-coverage): The "~95 % line coverage" on the README badge, the README CI (continuous integration) table, the crates.io and PyPI (Python Package Index) front pages… - [Evidence packs](https://kshana.dev/docs/evidence-packs): A pack is a technical record, not a legal opinion. It states what the Kshana engine computed from a stated receiver log under a stated configuration, and… - [Partner data](https://kshana.dev/docs/partner-data): Kshana labels every capability in a machine-checked ledger (verification matrix). Most timing and sensor rows are MODELLED: they rest on stated models… ## Docs: Timing - [Optical PNT through the atmosphere](https://kshana.dev/docs/optical-atmosphere): The optical-atmosphere scenario kind answers how often an optical link to the ground works, why it fails, what margin or technique would help, and what a… - [Slot timing](https://kshana.dev/docs/slot-timing): The slot-timing scenario kind answers three questions for a clock that free-runs between synchronisations and must keep traffic inside a time-indexed… - [Telecom timing: masks, sources and presets](https://kshana.dev/docs/telecom-timing): This page lists every limit the telecom-timing scenario kind checks, where each one comes from, and what was left out. The code is src/telecom_timing.rs. - [A signed command applied at a deceived time still misroutes](https://kshana.dev/docs/deceived-time): A technical note for operators of time-indexed networks: constellations that route, task or hand over by a schedule, where each node acts when its own… - [Timing hardware-in-the-loop](https://kshana.dev/docs/timing-hil): Telecom and power operators test a timing system by taking its GNSS away and watching what the clock does. - [Clock-log formats](https://kshana.dev/docs/clock-log-formats): src/clock_log.rs reads a measured clock log into one normalised phase series: a uniform grid of (time_s, phase_s) samples, with the sample interval tau0… - [Hardware safety](https://kshana.dev/docs/hardware-safety): Status: owner legal review pending. The legal notes below are the maintainers' reading of public sources, written so a user knows where the limits are. ## Docs: Integrity and interference - [Integrity and security](https://kshana.dev/docs/integrity): Kshana reports two figures of merit (FoMs) — Integrity and Security — that are easy to mistake for the aviation-grade quantities of the same name. - [Spectrum model and waterfall](https://kshana.dev/docs/spectrum): The spectrum scenario kind builds the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) L band, and any other band a designed signal occupies (ultra-high… - [ARAIM reference](https://kshana.dev/docs/araim-reference): This note documents Kshana's open implementation of Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (ARAIM): the algorithm, every assumption, the… - [DO-316 / DO-229E integrity compliance map](https://kshana.dev/docs/compliance): This document maps the RTCA (formerly the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics) DO-229E (SBAS (satellite-based augmentation system) MOPS (minimum… - [PNT-resilience framework cross-walk](https://kshana.dev/docs/resilience-crosswalk): Aligned to, not rated or approved. This maps Kshana's simulated capabilities to the published PNT-resilience (PNT: positioning, navigation and timing)… ## Docs: Receiver trust and maritime - [Receiver trust: assessing a real GNSS receiver log](https://kshana.dev/docs/receiver-trust): kshana receiver-trust reads a log from a real global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver, runs trust monitors over it epoch by epoch, and says… - [Maritime trust: can the bridge trust this fix?](https://kshana.dev/docs/maritime-trust): kshana receiver-trust can score, for a moving vessel, a live 0-100 trust figure for every position fix, from what any receiver already puts on the bus… - [NMEA training streams: kshana nmea-scenario](https://kshana.dev/docs/nmea-training): Maritime academies and simulator centres can feed Kshana-generated NMEA 0183 into a bridge simulator or a chart plotter to train crews to recognise GNSS… - [Interference map and route exposure](https://kshana.dev/docs/interference-map): kshana interference-map builds a per-day picture of where aircraft and ships reported degraded navigation data, from openly licensed tracking files you… - [Interference map: data source licence review](https://kshana.dev/docs/interference-data-sources): Status: APPROVED by the coordinator on 2026-10-09 with the decisions recorded at the end. - [Marine integrations: the trust score on the bridge](https://kshana.dev/docs/marine-integrations): Kshana's maritime trust score (MARITIME-TRUST.md) is reachable from software boaters already run: a Signal K server plugin and OpenCPN through gate-mode… - [Skyline masks and sky geometry](https://kshana.dev/docs/skyline): Until 0.36 every Earth visibility test in the engine was one elevation cut-off, mask_deg: a satellite counted when it was at or above one number… - [GNSS trust as security telemetry](https://kshana.dev/docs/trust-telemetry): kshana trust-telemetry turns the per-epoch GNSS trust stream (score 0-100, band, reasons) into signals an operations or security centre already ingests… - [Galileo OSNMA receiver-side verifier](https://kshana.dev/docs/osnma): A receiver-side verifier for Galileo Open Service Navigation Message Authentication (OSNMA), in pure Rust. - [LunaNet Augmented Forward Signal](https://kshana.dev/docs/lunanet-afs): Kshana implements the spreading codes and the message layer of the LunaNet Augmented Forward Signal (AFS) as one edition of the specification defines… - [Jammertest scoring](https://kshana.dev/docs/jammertest): kshana jammertest import reads the Jammertest test catalogue and transmission plan and turns one test area's slots into receiver-trust [[events]]. - [Machine and sensor inputs (0.38)](https://kshana.dev/docs/machine-inputs): Readers that bring other receivers, solvers and sensors into the receiver-trust kind. Every one is read-only: pure functions on bytes or text that return… - [Receiver protocols read by receiver-trust (0.38)](https://kshana.dev/docs/receiver-protocols): Read only, throughout: nothing here writes a byte to a receiver, and there is no transmit path of any kind. - [Interference observatory: method note](https://kshana.dev/docs/observatory-method): Version kshana-observatory/adsb/v1, built on kshana-interference-map/adsb/v2. Advisory only: this is a description of what published position reports… - [Observatory results](https://kshana.dev/docs/observatory-results): Version kshana-observatory/adsb/v1 over kshana-interference-map/adsb/v2 (parameters pre-registered in the base method, unchanged). - [kshana-bench](https://kshana.dev/docs/bench): An open set of tasks, splits and metrics for GNSS interference detection and timing holdover. ## Docs: Compliance and test bench - [Running a receiver against an exported scenario](https://kshana.dev/docs/test-bench): A receiver maker who owns a laboratory GNSS simulator can replay a Kshana scenario's vehicle motion through it, record what the receiver under test does… - [Compliance mapping](https://kshana.dev/docs/compliance-mapping): Buyers and receiver makers answer to public resilience frameworks. This folder maps what Kshana computes and records to those frameworks, row by row, and… - [US DHS Resilient PNT Conformance Framework](https://kshana.dev/docs/compliance-dhs-rpcf): The framework describes resilience levels 0 to 4 built from eight numbered requirements, and an evaluation approach that combines static analysis with… - [IMO guidance on GNSS interference for ships](https://kshana.dev/docs/compliance-imo-ships): IMO's GNSS-interference text for ships is thin: MSC.1/Circ.1644 is addressed mainly to Member States, and the ship-side expectations sit in the… - [EASA guidance on GNSS interference for aviation](https://kshana.dev/docs/compliance-easa-aviation): EASA's Safety Information Bulletin is informational, not mandatory, and addressed to authorities, air traffic providers, operators and manufacturers. - [EU NIS2 Directive, Article 21](https://kshana.dev/docs/compliance-nis2-art21): Article 21 lists, in paragraph 2 points (a) to (j), the measures essential and important entities take to manage risks to their network and information… - [EN 16803: what Kshana supports evidence for](https://kshana.dev/docs/compliance-en-16803): EN 16803 is a paid standard. Only its part structure and the clause numbers visible in public catalogue material are used here: Part 3 clause 6 and Annex… ## Docs: Orbits - [SGP4/SDP4 validation against the community reference](https://kshana.dev/docs/sgp4-validation): Kshana's orbit propagator is validated against the canonical community reference for SGP4/SDP4 (SGP4: Simplified General Perturbations 4; SDP4… - [Force-model validation by ephemeris fitting](https://kshana.dev/docs/agency-orbit-validation): Kshana's full-force engine (src/precise_od.rs) fit to real agency precise-orbit products, with honest, citable, commit-hash-stamped residuals. - [Solar system and positioning around other bodies](https://kshana.dev/docs/solar-system): The constellation-design kind uses the same catalogue to build constellations around any of these bodies (CONSTELLATION-DESIGN.md). - [Lunar reference station](https://kshana.dev/docs/lunar-reference-station): MODELLED. Under the stated assumptions (the constellation, its signal-in-space error, the station's survey accuracy, the correction latency and the link… - [GNSS beyond the constellation: the gnss-ssv kind](https://kshana.dev/docs/ssv): Advisory only. Modelled results from stated inputs and a simulated truth; not a certification, a flight-qualified figure or a service-volume claim for… - [Lunar orbit and surface as navigation and geodetic…](https://kshana.dev/docs/lunar-infrastructure): Scenario kind lunar-infrastructure, five studies selected by study. MODELLED: a restricted three-body model with stated simplifications and ILLUSTRATIVE… - [The mission thread](https://kshana.dev/docs/mission-thread): Advisory software, not certified navigation equipment. Public sources only; not affiliated with or endorsed by any agency, and nothing here claims… - [The lunar segment of the Artemis-class mission thread](https://kshana.dev/docs/mission-thread-lunar): Four scenario kinds, each also a phase kind of the mission-thread interface (src/mission_thread/): they carry a navigation-and-timing error budget… ## Docs: Low Earth orbit (LEO) navigation - [LEO-PNT in Kshana](https://kshana.dev/docs/leo-pnt): LEO-PNT is positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) from satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO), alongside or instead of the medium Earth orbit (MEO) global… - [LEO-PNT signal designs and the multi-band spectrum](https://kshana.dev/docs/leo-signal): The leo-signal scenario kind analyses low Earth orbit (LEO) positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) signals. It is not tied to one system. - [LEO pass and link budget (leo-pass)](https://kshana.dev/docs/leo-pass): LEO-PNT is positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) from satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO). - [LEO navigation message](https://kshana.dev/docs/leo-navmsg): The leo-navmsg scenario kind builds the broadcast ephemeris and clock message of a low Earth orbit (LEO) positioning, navigation and timing (PNT)… - [Fused MEO and LEO positioning, navigation and timing](https://kshana.dev/docs/leo-pnt-fusion): Three scenario kinds provide positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) with satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO) alone or fused with the medium-Earth-orbit… - [Constellation design](https://kshana.dev/docs/constellation-design): The constellation-design kind builds one or more satellite constellations around the Earth, the Moon, Mars or any other body in the solar-system… ## Docs: Quantum sensors - [Quantum-sensor models](https://kshana.dev/docs/quantum-models): Kshana is a PNT-resilience (PNT: positioning, navigation and timing) simulator with quantum-sensor performance models. - [Quantum inertial-sensor physics](https://kshana.dev/docs/quantum-physics): Most of Kshana drives its quantum sensors from published Allan/noise coefficients — datasheet lookups (see QUANTUM-MODELS.md and PROVENANCE.md). ## Docs: APIs and integrations - [Python API](https://kshana.dev/docs/python-api): Kshana ships a first-class Python application programming interface (API), built with PyO3 and maturin. - [npm and WebAssembly](https://kshana.dev/docs/npm): Kshana replays jamming, spoofing and clock holdover when GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) signals fail, and tells you how long a system keeps… - [Rust crate](https://kshana.dev/docs/rust): Try it first with nothing to install: Kshana Studio runs the whole engine in your browser, compiled to WebAssembly, and uploads nothing. - [kshana-mcp](https://kshana.dev/docs/mcp): kshana-mcp is a Model Context Protocol (MCP) server for Kshana, the open-source simulator for PNT (positioning, navigation and timing) resilience. - [Install the Kshana MCP server (v0.40.0)](https://kshana.dev/docs/mcp-install): Advisory, not type-approved navigation equipment: the operator remains responsible for navigation. - [Running kshana-mcp over HTTP (self-hosted)](https://kshana.dev/docs/mcp-http): A passage naming third-party AI clients is left out here; it is in docs/deploy/mcp-http.md on GitHub. - [Using Kshana from an AI agent](https://kshana.dev/docs/agents): For an agent (or the person directing one): which tool to call for which question, what the tools will and will not do, and what to keep with every… - [Where each capability is reachable](https://kshana.dev/docs/surfaces): Every capability is available on the surfaces where it makes sense; where one cannot carry a capability, the cell says N/A and why. - [Kshana for JetBrains IDEs](https://kshana.dev/docs/jetbrains): Install: Kshana — PNT simulator on the JetBrains Marketplace — or, in any JetBrains IDE, Settings → Plugins → Marketplace → search "Kshana". - [Where Kshana runs, and where it does not](https://kshana.dev/docs/deployment-targets): A scope boundary, written down so that nobody discovers it as a commitment in a meeting. - [Architecture](https://kshana.dev/docs/architecture): Kshana is one engine organised in layers over a shared core: the sensor packs (clock, inertial, time-transfer, hybrid); an astrodynamics / numerical… - [Where Kshana sits](https://kshana.dev/docs/positioning): Kshana is an open, reproducible PNT (positioning, navigation and timing) resilience evidence engine. ## Docs: Project - [Changelog](https://kshana.dev/docs/changelog): The format is based on Keep a Changelog, and this project adheres to Semantic Versioning. - [Licensing](https://kshana.dev/docs/licensing): Kshana is dual-licensed. You may use the open engine under either the open licence (AGPL-3.0) or a commercial licence from Ashforde OÜ. - [Security policy](https://kshana.dev/docs/security): Please do not open a public issue for security-sensitive reports. We aim to acknowledge within a few business days. - [Contributing to Kshana](https://kshana.dev/docs/contributing): Thanks for your interest. Kshana aims to be a neutral, reproducible, honestly- validated reference for hybrid quantum/classical PNT. - [Kshana governance](https://kshana.dev/docs/governance): This document states how Kshana is governed: who makes decisions, how, and what the project will and will not absorb. - [Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct](https://kshana.dev/docs/code-of-conduct): We as members, contributors, and leaders pledge to make participation in our community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body… ## Docs: Scenario kind families - [Campaigns (scenario kind family)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kinds-campaigns): 1 scenario kind of the engine v0.40.0. Advisory: analysis output from a research and engineering tool, not type-approved navigation equipment and not a… - [Clocks, timing and holdover (scenario kind family)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kinds-clocks-timing-and-holdover): 9 scenario kinds of the engine v0.40.0. Advisory: analysis output from a research and engineering tool, not type-approved navigation equipment and not a… - [Constellations, coverage and geometry](https://kshana.dev/docs/kinds-constellations-coverage-and-geometry): 7 scenario kinds of the engine v0.40.0. Advisory: analysis output from a research and engineering tool, not type-approved navigation equipment and not a… - [GNSS measurements, positioning and integrity](https://kshana.dev/docs/kinds-gnss-measurements-positioning-and-integrity): 6 scenario kinds of the engine v0.40.0. Advisory: analysis output from a research and engineering tool, not type-approved navigation equipment and not a… - [GPS-denied alternative PNT (scenario kind family)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kinds-gps-denied-alternative-pnt): 5 scenario kinds of the engine v0.40.0. Advisory: analysis output from a research and engineering tool, not type-approved navigation equipment and not a… - [Inertial, fusion and quantum sensors](https://kshana.dev/docs/kinds-inertial-fusion-and-quantum-sensors): Topic pages: QUANTUM-MODELS, QUANTUM, LEO-PNT-FUSION. Run one: kshana scenarios/gnss-ins.toml. All families: KINDS.md. - [Jamming, spoofing and the spectrum](https://kshana.dev/docs/kinds-jamming-spoofing-and-the-spectrum): Topic pages: SPECTRUM, DECEIVED-TIME, IQ-FOLLOW. Run one: kshana scenarios/jamming-demo.toml. All families: KINDS.md. - [Low-Earth-orbit navigation (scenario kind family)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kinds-low-earth-orbit-navigation): Topic pages: LEO-PNT, LEO-SIGNAL, LEO-PASS, LEO-NAVMSG. Run one: kshana scenarios/leo-pnt-end-to-end.toml. All families: KINDS.md. - [Lunar and cislunar (scenario kind family)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kinds-lunar-and-cislunar): 24 scenario kinds of the engine v0.40.0. Advisory: analysis output from a research and engineering tool, not type-approved navigation equipment and not a… - [Mission analysis, links and space operations](https://kshana.dev/docs/kinds-mission-analysis-links-and-space-operations): 14 scenario kinds of the engine v0.40.0. Advisory: analysis output from a research and engineering tool, not type-approved navigation equipment and not a… - [Mission threads (scenario kind family)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kinds-mission-threads): Topic pages: MISSION-THREAD, MISSION-THREAD-LUNAR. Run one: kshana scenarios/mission-thread-artemis-class.toml. All families: KINDS.md. - [Optical PNT (scenario kind family)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kinds-optical-pnt): 2 scenario kinds of the engine v0.40.0. Advisory: analysis output from a research and engineering tool, not type-approved navigation equipment and not a… - [Space-user navigation (scenario kind family)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kinds-space-user-navigation): Topic pages: SSV. Run one: kshana scenarios/gnss-ssv-shell.toml. All families: KINDS.md. ## Docs: Scenario kind pages - [acm-link (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-acm-link): Scenario kind of the engine v0.40.0, family Mission analysis, links and space operations. - [aocs (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-aocs): Spacecraft attitude control: an inertial-pointing slew of a rigid hub with three or more balanced reaction wheels under MRP feedback (L = -K sigma - P… - [aperture-duty-cycle (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-aperture-duty-cycle): Aperture duty cycle: the navigation-versus-communications time-share a contact plan implies for a pool of steerable apertures. - [araim-reference-check (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-araim-reference-check): Scenario kind of the engine v0.40.0, family GNSS measurements, positioning and integrity. - [ascent-losses (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-ascent-losses): Planar gravity-turn ascent of a multi-stage vehicle over a non-rotating spherical Earth through the US Standard Atmosphere 1976 (vertical rise, pitch… - [attitude-budget (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-attitude-budget): 3-DOF attitude & pointing error budget: the worst-case gravity-gradient disturbance torque ((3/2)(μ/R³)ΔI) and a root-sum-square pointing-error budget… - [body-pnt (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-body-pnt): Scenario kind of the engine v0.40.0, family Constellations, coverage and geometry. Advisory: analysis output from a research and engineering tool, not… - [campaign (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-campaign): Scenario kind of the engine v0.40.0, family Campaigns. Advisory: analysis output from a research and engineering tool, not type-approved navigation… - [cislunar-arc-recovery (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-cislunar-arc-recovery): Scenario kind of the engine v0.40.0, family Lunar and cislunar. Advisory: analysis output from a research and engineering tool, not type-approved… - [cislunar-observability (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-cislunar-observability): MODELLED planar cislunar constellation observability (P6): tracks a four-spacecraft differential-corrected planar-DRO constellation with inter-satellite… - [clock (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-clock): Scenario kind of the engine v0.40.0, family Clocks, timing and holdover. Advisory: analysis output from a research and engineering tool, not… - [combined-altpnt (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-combined-altpnt): Scenario kind of the engine v0.40.0, family GPS-denied alternative PNT. Advisory: analysis output from a research and engineering tool, not type-approved… - [conflict-resilience (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-conflict-resilience): MODELLED layered-PNT conflict resilience (P7): a contested-environment user fields several PNT layers (open-service GNSS, wideband GNSS, an authenticated… - [constellation-design (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-constellation-design): Constellation design at scale: Walker DELTA and Walker STAR patterns in the i: T/P/F convention (nodes spread over 360 or 180 deg, in-plane spacing 360… - [contact-schedule (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-contact-schedule): Ground-contact planning for several satellites over several stations: apparent access windows (SGP4, IAU 2006/2000A Earth-fixed frame, ITU-R P.834… - [earth-gnss-lunar (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-earth-gnss-lunar): Earth-GNSS reception at lunar distance, the weak-signal layer the conflict-resilience paper names and the engine had no model for. - [entry-heating (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-entry-heating): 3-DoF point-mass atmospheric entry over a rotating spherical Earth or Mars (ballistic or lifting at constant bank), RK4, through US76, an exponential or… - [eo-coverage (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-eo-coverage): Earth-observation payload footprint & coverage geometry (SMAD space triangle): Earth angular radius, swath width, nadir ground sample distance, maximum… - [eo-radiometry (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-eo-radiometry): Nadir imager radiometry and image quality: at-aperture radiance of a Lambertian scene, the camera equation, signal and shot/dark/read/quantisation noise… - [ephemeris (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-ephemeris): Ephemeris & ground track: propagate one satellite (TLE→SGP4 or analytic orbit) and emit its TEME/GCRS state (position + velocity), ITRF/ECEF position… - [fusion (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-fusion): Scenario kind of the engine v0.40.0, family Inertial, fusion and quantum sensors. Advisory: analysis output from a research and engineering tool, not… - [gnss-ins (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-gnss-ins): One run of scenarios/gnss-ins.toml summarises as: scenario c55a6246bd6f | gnss-ins | quantum outage-RMS fused 1.9m vs free 130.7m (hold 60s, avail 1.00)… - [gnss-sim (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-gnss-sim): Measurement-domain pseudorange simulation (Klobuchar iono, Saastamoinen/Niell tropo) + RAIM. - [gnss-ssv (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-gnss-ssv): Scenario kind of the engine v0.40.0, family Space-user navigation. Advisory: analysis output from a research and engineering tool, not type-approved… - [gravity-map (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-gravity-map): GPS-denied gravity-map-matching navigation: a cold-atom gravimeter recovers a constant INS drift from the gravity-anomaly sequence it flies through. - [holdover-test (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-holdover-test): MODELLED holdover test of a timing system, scored from a time-error record the OPERATOR supplies (a linuxptp ptp4l, phc2sys or ts2phc log, a chrony… - [hybrid-optical-rf (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-hybrid-optical-rf): Scenario kind of the engine v0.40.0, family Optical PNT. Advisory: analysis output from a research and engineering tool, not type-approved navigation… - [hybrid-ukf (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-hybrid-ukf): 17-state hybrid quantum+classical tightly-coupled GNSS/INS UKF (MODELLED): 15 INS error states + CAI-derived accel-bias correction + a 2-state… - [hybrid (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-hybrid): One run of scenarios/hybrid-pnt.toml summarises as: scenario f33d734ecc51 | quantum PNT-holdover 6600s (t 6600s/p 6600s) integrity 0.998 security n/a (no… - [impairment-eval (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-impairment-eval): Scenario kind of the engine v0.40.0, family Jamming, spoofing and the spectrum. Advisory: analysis output from a research and engineering tool, not… - [inertial (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-inertial): One run of scenarios/imu-deadreckoning.toml summarises as: scenario fc9191cef784 | quantum holdover 6600s p95 41.39m | classical holdover 350s p95 30629.9m - [ins-trn-coast (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-ins-trn-coast): INS/TRN coasting error model: position error against coast duration, built from IMU coefficients rather than swept as an assumed drift rate. - [integrity (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-integrity): Snapshot / solution-separation / ARAIM RAIM with HPL/VPL and a Stanford diagram. - [jamming (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-jamming): One run of scenarios/jamming-demo.toml summarises as: scenario 5aac34b045c7 | jamming ON | availability under jamming 0.00 (nominal 1.00) | min tracking… - [launch-window (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-launch-window): Two-body launch & ascent geometry: launch azimuth(s) (sin Az = cos i / cos lat), minimum reachable inclination, circular velocity, the Earth-rotation… - [leo-navmsg (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-leo-navmsg): Scenario kind of the engine v0.40.0, family Low-Earth-orbit navigation. Advisory: analysis output from a research and engineering tool, not type-approved… - [leo-pass (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-leo-pass): LEO pass and link budget, band by band, for LEO-PNT (positioning, navigation and timing from low Earth orbit), system-agnostic: a user (ground, maritime… - [leo-pnt-chain (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-leo-pnt-chain): One LEO-PNT (positioning, navigation and timing from low Earth orbit) system end to end, for any constellation and signal: the leo-signal design named by… - [leo-ppp (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-leo-ppp): Precise point positioning (PPP) convergence with GNSS only and with LEO augmentation: a float extended Kalman filter on ionosphere-free code and carrier… - [leo-pvt (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-leo-pvt): Fused medium-Earth-orbit (MEO) and low-Earth-orbit (LEO) positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) over ANY constellations: each [[system]] is a GNSS… - [leo-signal (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-leo-signal): LEO-PNT signal designs: parameterised low Earth orbit (LEO) positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) signals for any system, band and structure. - [link-budget (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-link-budget): One-way link budget over the CCSDS 401 / DSN 810-005 link equation: free-space path loss, C/N₀, Eb/N₀, margin and closure for a transmit EIRP, receive… - [lunar-ascent (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-lunar-ascent): MODELLED powered ascent from a south-polar surface site to the rendezvous orbit, and the position-velocity covariance it carries back to orbit… - [lunar-attack-surface (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-lunar-attack-surface): Lunar surface-navigation signal-security attack surface (P1): composes the open signal-security analyses into one binary-reachable run. - [lunar-beacon (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-lunar-beacon): Surface-beacon augmentation of a lunar orbital navigation service, as a runnable before/after table. - [lunar-descent (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-lunar-descent): MODELLED landing-dispersion budget for a powered descent to a south-polar site (Artemis-class). - [lunar-differential-pnt (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-lunar-differential-pnt): Modelled lunar DIFFERENTIAL PNT (a lunar DGNSS/SBAS analogue): a NovaMoon-class reference station at a KNOWN selenographic location computes… - [lunar-frame-campaign (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-lunar-frame-campaign): Seven-parameter Helmert (similarity) frame datum driven by a SIMULATED OBSERVING CAMPAIGN rather than by an injected transform. - [lunar-frame-realisation (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-lunar-frame-realisation): Modelled lunar reference-frame realisation: a 7-parameter Helmert (similarity) datum fit — 3 translation, 3 small-angle rotation, 1 scale — tying an… - [lunar-infrastructure (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-lunar-infrastructure): MODELLED studies of the Moon's orbit and surface as navigation and geodetic infrastructure, five studies behind one kind selected by study… - [lunar-integrity (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-lunar-integrity): Lunar south-pole ARAIM protection-level pass vs a representative LunaNet relay set. sigma_ure_m exposes the signal-in-space ranging accuracy (protection… - [lunar-interop-export (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-lunar-interop-export): Modelled lunar interoperability export: emits the lunar reference frame, lunar time scale and lunar ephemeris in LunaNet/IOAG-aligned, CCSDS-based… - [lunar-jamming (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-lunar-jamming): Lunar-native RF jamming: per-satellite jammer-to-signal ratio, effective C/N₀ and loss of lock for a selenographic surface user under a lunar surface (or… - [lunar-joint-od-clock (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-lunar-joint-od-clock): Modelled joint multi-technique lunar OD + clock batch estimator on a SIMULATED network: a Gauss-Newton snapshot fit that fuses Earth-baseline geodetic… - [lunar-llr-datum (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-lunar-llr-datum): Seven-parameter Helmert lunar frame datum driven by a REAL, ARCHIVED observing campaign rather than a simulated one. - [lunar-orbit-rendezvous (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-lunar-orbit-rendezvous): MODELLED relative navigation for an Orion-lander style docking in a low lunar orbit or an elliptical polar orbit (Artemis-class). - [lunar-station-coverage (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-lunar-station-coverage): Modelled lunar reference-station coverage: a Monte Carlo sweep of the lunar differential-PNT model over a south-polar user grid and a day of epochs. - [lunar-surface (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-lunar-surface): MODELLED surface positioning and timing availability by site and season for Artemis-class south-polar sites. - [lunar-time-budget (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-lunar-time-budget): MODELLED end-to-end Coordinated Lunar Time (LTC) time-error budget: the seven LTC error terms assembled as time-error curves x_i(τ) over a whole… - [lunar-time-offset (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-lunar-time-offset): Modelled relativistic Earth–Moon clock rate (Lunar Coordinate Time, LTC/TCL): the secular LTC−TT rate from the self-potential difference and the Moon's… - [lunar-vlbi-fim (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-lunar-vlbi-fim): Lunar-VLBI station-coordinate covariance: the delay partials of the lunar-vlbi observable accumulated over an explicit SCHEDULE (baselines x epochs) into… - [lunar-vlbi (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-lunar-vlbi): Modelled lunar geodetic VLBI delay observable: an Earth baseline (two ground stations, GCRS) observes a one-way signal from a NovaMoon-class… - [mars-pnt (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-mars-pnt): Deep-space Mars PNT: a simulated MARCONI relay constellation (areostationary + inclined relays broadcasting one-way + relaying two-way to a deep-space… - [mission-thread (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-mission-thread): Scenario kind of the engine v0.40.0, family Mission threads. Advisory: analysis output from a research and engineering tool, not type-approved navigation… - [moonlight-service-volume (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-moonlight-service-volume): Modelled lunar navigation service-volume analysis from an ILLUSTRATIVE, public-source Moonlight/LCNS-class lunar-orbit constellation (not affiliated with… - [ntn-positioning (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-ntn-positioning): Positioning from a 5G non-terrestrial network (NTN) downlink in the mobile-satellite service (MSS) S band (3GPP band n256, downlink 2170 to 2200 MHz… - [oem-interop (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-oem-interop): CCSDS OEM interoperability bridge: import an Orbit Ephemeris Message produced by an external flight-dynamics tool (GMAT/Orekit/STK all emit OEM) and… - [optical-atmosphere (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-optical-atmosphere): MODELLED optical PNT through the atmosphere: for an optical link and a set of ground sites with stated cloud climates it reports the wavelength- and… - [orbit (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-orbit): GNSS availability + DOP from an orbital constellation (Walker / TLE / RINEX). - [passes (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-passes): Ground-station pass prediction: the time-domain visibility passes (AOS/TCA/LOS, maximum apparent elevation, duration) of a circular orbit, as SGP4 mean… - [pvt (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-pvt): Real-observation single-point positioning: solve a receiver's position from a RINEX 3 observation file and a broadcast-navigation file (code… - [quantum-anomaly-detect (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-quantum-anomaly-detect): MODELLED fault/anomaly detection for quantum PNT systems: a labelled fault catalog (clock frequency-jump/drift/lock-loss; sensor bias-step/dropout), a… - [quantum-gnss-free-nav (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-quantum-gnss-free-nav): MODELLED GNSS-free quantum navigation: during a GNSS outage, a quantum (cold-atom interferometer) inertial budget vs a classical navigation-grade INS… - [quantum-time-transfer (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-quantum-time-transfer): MODELLED trusted-quantum-timing chain: an end-to-end quantum (optical-lattice clock + entanglement/single-photon link) vs classical (CSAC + RF two-way)… - [quantum-trade (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-quantum-trade): Quantum-vs-classical PNT trade (13503): timing-holdover + inertial-holdover benefit of a candidate clock (a measured-ADEV curve — the defensibility hinge… - [realtime-frame-eop (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-realtime-frame-eop): Real-time lunar frame / Earth-orientation prediction budget: P4 Table 1 (the frame-error consistency check — post-processed ~0.27 m ↔ ~0.010 ms and… - [reentry (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-reentry): Allen-Eggers ballistic re-entry corridor: peak deceleration (ballistic-coefficient-independent, V_e^2 sin|γ|/(2eH)), the velocity and altitude at peak-g… - [slot-timing (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-slot-timing): Slot timing: seconds until a free-running clock leaves the guard of a time-indexed routing or tasking slot (the largest absolute time error the slot… - [solar-system (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-solar-system): The whole solar system at one epoch, for PNT (positioning, navigation and timing) around any body. - [space-packet (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-space-packet): CCSDS 133.0-B Space Packet Protocol framing: encode a synthetic TM/TC packet stream (6-octet primary header + data field) and report the per-packet… - [space-weather (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-space-weather): Space-weather environment model: solar (F10.7/F10.7a) and geomagnetic (Kp, with the definitional Kp↔ap table) activity indices, the Jacchia-1971… - [spectrum (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-spectrum): L-band spectrum model and waterfall: the whole GNSS L band as one power spectral density (PSD), frequency across, time down, over a scripted jammer… - [spoof-detect (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-spoof-detect): Combined RF/measurement spoof detector (multi-SV RAIM-consistency + AGC + SQM, fused) vs a parameterised attack (power advantage, carrier-phase… - [spoof (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-spoof): Stochastic time-spoof detector (Neyman–Pearson / χ²₁) with Monte-Carlo P_fa/P_md. - [sweep-nd (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-sweep-nd): Generic N-D sweep over any pack via dotted TOML keys / JSON metric paths. - [sweep (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-sweep): One run of scenarios/sweep-clock-stability.toml summarises as: sweep holdover_s over classical_q_wf (1.00e-24..1.00e-18, 25 pts, log scale) | quantum… - [telecom-timing (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-telecom-timing): Telecom timing: time error, maximum time interval error (MTIE) and time deviation (TDEV) of a GNSS holdover, checked against ITU-T masks with a PASS or… - [terrain-nav (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-terrain-nav): GPS-denied terrain-referenced navigation (TERCOM/SITAN): a radar/baro altimeter matches the ground-elevation profile against an SRTM-style DEM to recover… - [terrain-slam (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-terrain-slam): GPS-denied sequential (recursive) terrain-referenced navigation: a particle filter runs the terrain-match measurement model epoch by epoch (SITAN as a… - [time-transfer-budget (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-time-transfer-budget): Two-way satellite time and frequency transfer between two stations through a geostationary relay: the two-way equation solved for T_A - T_B with every… - [timetransfer (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-timetransfer): One run of scenarios/timetransfer.toml summarises as: scenario 8f9c2e0e31a5 | optical sync_rms 0.98ps range_rms 0.293mm adev(1s) 1.73e-12 | RF sync_rms… - [tracking-loop (scenario kind)](https://kshana.dev/docs/kind-tracking-loop): Tracking-loop loss of lock: C/N0 -> lock/unlock WITH HYSTERESIS, the time it takes to lose lock, and spoof pull-in as a function of code and carrier… ## Optional - [Full text of the site and docs](https://kshana.dev/llms-full.txt): every page above as plain text, generated with the site - [Sitemap](https://kshana.dev/sitemap.xml) - [Docs index](https://kshana.dev/docs/)